Which is not a proper alternative for treatment of industrial wastewater?

Direct discharge to receiving waters is not a proper alternative for the treatment of industrial wastewater because it poses significant environmental risks and regulatory concerns. Typically, industrial wastewater contains various pollutants that may not be suitable for immediate release into natural water bodies without prior treatment. Discharging untreated effluent can lead to contamination of waterways, affecting aquatic life and violating environmental protection regulations.

The other options represent accepted practices in wastewater management. For instance, pretreatment by the Industrial Wastewater Treatment System (IWTS) ensures that effluent meets specific standards before being sent to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) for further processing. Similarly, discharging to a POTW allows for additional treatment of wastewater, ensuring that harmful contaminants are adequately removed before the water rejoins the ecosystem. Additionally, complete treatment by IWTS and subsequent discharge into receiving waters is an acceptable option when the effluent meets regulatory standards, ensuring environmental compliance and protection.