What is a common application of chlorine in water treatment?

Chlorine is widely recognized for its role in the disinfection of drinking water, making it a crucial component in water treatment processes. The primary purpose of chlorine in this context is to eliminate harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, that can pose significant health risks to consumers. By introducing chlorine into the water system, operators can ensure that the water is safe for human consumption and meets public health standards.

Disinfection is essential because untreated water can lead to outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Chlorine is effective due to its oxidizing properties, which not only kill or deactivate pathogens but also provide a residual effect, meaning that some chlorine remains in the water as it moves through the distribution system. This residual helps protect against any potential contamination that may occur before the water reaches the tap.

Other options listed, such as pH adjustment, fluorination, and color removal, are important processes in water treatment but are distinct from the primary function of chlorine as a disinfectant. Each of these processes serves a unique purpose, but none address the critical need for disinfection that chlorine fulfills in ensuring drinking water safety.