How is pH typically measured?

pH is typically measured using a pH meter or pH indicator strips, which are specifically designed for this purpose. A pH meter measures the voltage difference between two electrodes that are immersed in a solution, providing a precise numeric pH value. This method offers high accuracy and is widely used in laboratories and industrial applications.

pH indicator strips, on the other hand, change color based on the acidity or basicity of the solution they come into contact with. By comparing the resulting color against a standard chart, users can determine the pH level of the solution in a more qualitative manner. Both methods are effective for measuring pH, making this option the most appropriate for the question posed.

Using a thermometer is unrelated to pH measurement, as it measures temperature instead. A spectrophotometer analyzes light absorption properties of a substance, which is not directly related to measuring pH. Conductivity meters measure the electrical conductivity of a solution, which can correlate with total ion concentration but does not specifically measure pH.